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<text id=93TT2292>
<link 93TO0090>
<title>
Dec. 27, 1993: Sympathy For The Devil
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
Dec. 27, 1993 The New Age of Angels
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
RELIGION, Page 60
Sympathy For The Devil
</hdr>
<body>
<p> Can creatures who can appear soft and cherubic be capable of
evil? Those who say they travel with angels are loath to admit
it. "Reports of evil angels are legion," acknowledges Eileen
Freeman, publisher of the newsletter AngelWatch, but she says,
"I refuse to give them any free publicity." Only last week in
a Binghamton, New York, court, a man pleading "not responsible"
claimed that an angel had told him to molest the five-year-old
boy he was babysitting. No less an authority than St. Paul warned
the faithful, in his second letter to the Corinthians, that
Satan could be "transformed into an angel of light." For Satan
was once an angel--indeed, one of the most exalted as well
as the most complex and the most human.
</p>
<p> The celestial being who would become Satan had many names in
heaven. Most of Western tradition identifies him as Lucifer,
the Morning Star, the most brilliant of all the denizens of
the empyrean. He is Sammael, according to the rabbinical literature
of the 4th and 5th centuries A.D., highest of those who flit
around the throne of God, created above the seraphim and distinguished
from others by the fact that he possessed twice the maximum
allotment of wings: 12. To Muslims, he is Iblis, a word perhaps
derived from the Greek diabolos, the proudest of all God's creatures.
And it was pride that would lead to Satan's rebellion and eventual
expulsion from heaven. But even in the depths of hell, he retained
an awe-inspiring dignity. In the words of Milton's Paradise
Lost, "With grave aspect he rose, and in his rising seemed a
pillar of state...princely counsel in his face yet shone,
majestic though in ruin."
</p>
<p> It is that irrepressible pride that has given the chief of the
fallen angels such power to tempt humankind. If humankind was
created just a little lower than the angels, what are we to
make of an angel who has failed? Is he then not just like us--yet immortally so? For poets like Milton, Satan was the archetypal
antihero, the rebel waging eternal guerrilla warfare against
his Creator. "To reign is worth ambition though in hell: Better
to reign in hell than serve in heav'n." Indeed, to some, Satan
even provides lessons in piety. The Sufis, the mystics of Islam,
imagined that the pride of Iblis may have been blind ideological
purity, a supremely flawed political correctness. According
to one account, when he was asked to bow before Adam, God's
newest and best-beloved creation, Iblis refused. "There is only
one God," he declared, "and I will make obeisance only to Him."
More of a monotheist than God himself, Iblis was banished from
Heaven.
</p>
<p> Christian legends are different. Lucifer vaingloriously sought
to overturn the regime in heaven and waged war against God's
loyalists. Defeated by the Archangel Michael, the angel who
would be God was cast into his inferno, to brood in the darkness,
"hatching vain empires." With him went about a third of the
heavenly host, a horde of fallen angels.
</p>
<p> As late as the sixth century A.D., in a mosaic in Ravenna depicting
the Last Judgment, the devil was still portrayed as a haloed,
winged being, standing at the left hand of Christ. Satan is
dressed in blue, not red, robes. (Red was the color of the upper
ether, closest to God, from which Satan was expelled; blue,
the color of the closest heaven humankind could see.) By the
Middle Ages, however, Satan had become a beast. His horns and
hooves come from his commingling with beliefs banished by a
victorious Christianity. The devil's appurtenances derive from
the great Greek god Pan--half-man, half-goat--and from association
with the cult of the forest deity Cernunnos of northern Europe.
Relegated to the shadows, the pagan gods were absorbed by the
master of darkness, the demigod on the margins.
</p>
<p> There is no possibility of redemption for Satan and his minions.
Unlike Adam and Eve, the fallen angels were not tempted to sin
but chose it out of untrammeled free will. They have no excuse
for disobedience. And as the ages roll, heaven grows further
away. "Which way I fly is hell; myself am hell," Satan moans
in Paradise Lost. Even in majestic ruin, Satan is certain only
of the dark path he is doomed to pursue with seraphic fortitude.
"Farewell remorse," says the angel who can no longer look homeward
to heaven. "All good to me is lost; Evil, be thou my good."
</p>
<p> By Howard G. Chua-Eoan. Reported by Sam Allis/Boston
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>